Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of the Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate Synthase (GGPPS) Gene Family Reveals Its Importance in Chloroplasts of Brassica oleracea L.

GGPPS (geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase) is a crucial enzyme in the terpene biosynthesis pathway. Terpenoids play essential roles chlorophyll and development of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.), major cruciferous vegetable worldwide. However, limited information available regarding B. genes. In this study, we examined 10 BoGGPPS genes from genome. The subcellular localization prediction suggests that proteins are mainly expressed chloroplasts plastids. Similar exhibited similar structure motif. Distribution, collinearity, Ka/Ks analysis revealed multiple duplication events within gene family. Cabbage may participate light hormone responses via cis-acting elements. Three-dimensional demonstrated abundance α-helices random coils among members, suggesting their important functions. Based on qRT-PCR, observed notable differences transcript levels between leaves siliques. Bol028967 significantly higher WT (Wild-type) siliques compared to Boas1 albino silique 1), confirmed its expression chloroplasts, implying role chloroplast synthesis. These findings lay groundwork for further exploration in-depth functional relationship with terpenoids context synthesis oleracea.